Reflux is a common condition that affects many babies, particularly in their first few months. It occurs when the contents of the stomach flow back up into the oesophagus, often causing discomfort and resulting in spitting up or vomiting. While reflux can be worrying for parents, it is usually a normal part of development and tends to improve as your baby grows.

Reflux, also called gastro-oesophageal reflux (GOR), happens because a baby’s digestive system is still developing. The muscle at the top of the stomach, which keeps food and stomach acid in place, may not yet be fully matured. This means that milk and stomach contents can flow back into the oesophagus. It’s most common in babies under six months old and generally resolves by around their first birthday.

The most noticeable symptom of reflux is spitting up or vomiting after feeds. Babies with reflux may also appear unsettled, cry during or after feeding, or arch their back as though they are uncomfortable. Some may cough or hiccup more often than usual, and feeding can sometimes become challenging, with babies refusing feeds or taking only small amounts at a time. While reflux is often mild, in some cases it can become more severe and lead to gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD), which may cause significant discomfort, poor weight gain, or feeding problems. If you suspect your baby’s reflux is severe, or if it is impacting their growth and health, it is important to consult your GP or health visitor.

There are steps you can take to manage reflux and make your baby more comfortable. Feeding smaller amounts more frequently can help reduce the chances of reflux. Holding your baby upright during feeds and for 20 to 30 minutes afterwards can also minimise symptoms. If you are bottle-feeding, ensuring the teat is the correct size can prevent your baby from swallowing too much air.

 It is essential to follow safe sleep guidelines and always place your baby on their back to sleep, even if they experience reflux.

Most cases of reflux are harmless, but you should seek medical advice if your baby is bringing up large amounts of milk, vomiting forcefully, struggling to gain weight, or seems in significant discomfort. Other concerning symptoms include blood in the vomit, persistent coughing, or difficulty swallowing. Your GP may recommend medication to reduce stomach acid or suggest thickened feeds to help manage reflux.

Reflux can be challenging for parents, especially if your baby is unsettled or feeding times become stressful. It is important to remember that reflux is common and usually improves with time. Support is available, so don’t hesitate to reach out to your GP or family for reassurance and advice.